Grounds

Gessos

The use of traditional chalk gesso dates back to ancient Egypt. Egyptian, Byzantium, Italian and Flemish: used the same ground from about 2000 B.C. to 1500 A.D.
Advent of flexible canvas required modification of the inflexible chalk gesso ground.

Variation of Chalk Gesso

The Venetians modificationIn the case of a picture being painted throughout in oil, there is not the same need for a gesso ground. A gesso ground is preferable to an oil priming for the optical point of view, as it will be, and remain, whiter. Modification: A Chalk/oil emulsion, the pure oil ground (any addition of oil tends to yellow slightly in time.) To remedy this, Post-Venetian oil painters employed colored grounds.

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